My mom taught me to spray my zucchini with a water and milk mixture to prevent powdery mildew, and I have always done it without questioning whether it’s based on good science or not. Turns out it is, but it could just as easily have been a gardening myth. We link to vendors to help you find relevant products. If you buy from one of our links, we may earn a commission. We live and learn, and what was once considered a smart practice may eventually become recognized as outdated when new information presents itself. So what about using garlic in the garden, either as a spray or by companion planting, also known as intercropping? Many of us rely on garlic to help control pests, but does it actually work, or are we just convincing ourselves it does? Turns out, the practice is backed by some pretty good science. We’ll go over that and the best methods for using the marvelous stinking rose as pest control, coming right up. Here’s what you can expect in this guide: I love garlic (Allium sativum). When it’s growing in my garden, I don’t have to worry about vampires sneaking up on me, it’s phenomenal in a huge variety of dishes, and its presence makes it easy to keep my garden healthy. Ready to incorporate more of this tasty allium into your world? Awesome, let’s go!
The Science Behind Garlic-Based Pest Control
There have been quite a few studies on the efficacy of garlic since the 1970s when people started looking for an alternative to DDT in the wake of the seminal book “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson. Most studies look at extracts and essential oils, but some look at intercropping as well. If you’ve ever nibbled on a bit of a raw clove, then you know it’s pretty pungent. That can be off-putting to many humans and other animals, as well as many types of insects. If you’ve ever wondered what makes A. sativum so strong, it’s all the sulfur compounds that it contains. For those who have visited Yellowstone National Park, the Sulphur Caldron gives you a pretty good idea of what sulfur smells like and why it can be so off-putting. The first time I visited the spring I thought I had mistakenly walked through the gates of hell. And yet I always triple the amount of garlic a recipe calls for. Go figure! What was I talking about again? Oh right. The primary compounds in A. sativum are about 20 percent dimethyl trisulfide, 19 percent diallyl disulfide, 13 percent diallyl sulfide, and 11 percent diallyl tetrasulfide. Certain insects find this combination of compounds to be repellant, while it can actually be toxic to others. A few insects, like allium leaf miners (Phytomyza gymnostoma), are drawn to the scent – and I personally can’t blame them! It’s toxic to yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor), as detailed in the results of a study published in the journal Nature in 2017. A research team at the Universidade Federal de Vicosa in Brazil studied the effects of the essential oil on these common insects and found that the mealworms were rapidly killed by the oil. A study published in Crop Protection, also in 2017, by researchers with the Agricultural Entomology department at the University of Tehran, found that spined soldier bugs (Podisus maculiventris) were killed by A. sativum extract. When it comes to intercropping, the results of a study published in 2014 in the IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science and conducted by researchers at the Department of Agricultural Management and Zimbabwe Open University found that garlic and onion plants placed near cole crops helped to reduce pest infestations. Garlic has also been found to be effective against gall midges (Camptomyia corticalis) and cabbage fly (Delia radicum) adults and eggs, but not the larvae. And the good news keeps coming! Let’s review a bit more of the available research. Tobacco plants (Tobacum nicotiana) that were interplanted with garlic showed a lower incidence of green peach aphids (Myzus persicae). If you’re an avid gardener, you probably know from personal experience how common this particular species of aphid is in the garden and how nice it is to have something available to up your chances of repelling them. The marvelous stinking rose is also effective at repelling sweet potato whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), apple ermine moths (Yponomeuta malinellus), pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), common cutworms (Spodoptera litura), and two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae). Have you struggled with nematodes? Some species, including the dreaded root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), were decimated by garlic extract and repelled by interplanting. So were some species of slugs. But this awesome allium isn’t a miracle solution to get rid of all the creepy-crawlers eyeballing our crops. It doesn’t appear that it works well against mosquitos or rosy apple aphids (Dysaphis plantaginea). Silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii) also seem to be unimpressed by allium intervention. Sadly, it is hit or miss in studies analyzing its effectiveness against beetles and weevils in the Coleoptera order, which sucks because this order includes mountain pine beetles, click beetles, blister beetles, and potato beetles – all common garden pests. The jury is still out as to whether garlic can effectively deter mammals like rabbits, rodents, and deer. Some rabbits and deer will consume the tops, but it appears that most will avoid the bulbs. Intercropping probably won’t keep mammals out of your garden, but the scent of the spray might keep them from chowing down on a plant.
Make Your Own Garlic Repellent or Insecticide
Creating a DIY garlic spray is as easy as… well, not pie. How about as easy as adding garlic to your favorite pasta dish? Grab yourself a head, separate the cloves, and remove the papery skins. If you hate removing the skin as much as I do, place the cloves in a glass jar or bowl and cover it with another glass jar or bowl of the same size. Shake vigorously to knock all the skin off. Toss all the cloves into a blender with two cups of water and blend away until everything is pulverized. Take some cheesecloth and place it over a bowl. Pour the mixture into the cheesecloth, close it up with the garlic inside, and squeeze, squeeze, squeeze. If you hate the smell of garlic on your hands, either wear gloves as you squeeze or make a baking soda paste with a little water and rub it all over your hands to wash off the smell when you’re done. Once you’ve wrung all the juice out of the pulp (and washed your hands), pour the liquid into a spray bottle. Now you have your garlic spray. Test a little spray on a small section of your infested plant or one that you wish to protect from pests before you drench the whole thing. Let it sit for 24 hours. If everything looks good and there is no sign of damage like yellowing or brown leaves, go ahead and treat the whole plant. Spray the tops and bottoms of the leaves and the stems. Repeat every two weeks, or reapply sooner if it rains. You can also use the spray as a soil drench. Just pour it on the soil inside the drip line of your plant.
Intercropping
Planting garlic near other crops to repel pests is a smart strategy. Not only does the allium keep bugs away, but it can also keep some weeds at bay. Plus, the effects can last for weeks after the garlic is harvested. Companion planting isn’t an exact science. Feel free to experiment with distances. I have a two-by-four-foot raised bed and I plant a row of garlic on one short side. If you plant in rows in the ground, try to interplant with alliums in every two or three rows. If you use the square-foot gardening method, plant garlic every few feet. In the study mentioned above on intercropping with cole crops, researchers found planting rows of alliums between rows of cabbages worked best, rather than interspersing their plantings within rows. But that doesn’t mean it’s the only way to get the job done. Find what works best for you and your specific crops, and don’t be afraid to experiment. Remember to keep notes on what worked and what didn’t in your gardening journal. We can’t wait to hear how you put this powerhouse to work in your garden. If you opt to go with intercropping, let us know what method works best for you. Share your experiences in the comments so we can spread the word! Are you looking for more information about growing garlic in your garden? If so, check out these guides next:
How to Plant and Grow Garlic in Your Veggie Patch9 of the Best Companion Plants to Grow with GarlicThe Three Ways to Propagate Garlic
